Exploratory study on the impact of Ganoderma australe extract on gut microbiota and immune gene expression in honey bees exposed to Vairimorpha ceranae

Exploratory study on the impact of Ganoderma australe extract on gut microbiota and immune gene expression in honey bees exposed to Vairimorpha ceranae

The microsporidium Vairimorpha (Nosema) ceranae is an emerging threat to honey bees (Apis mellifera), known to disrupt gut microbiota and suppress immune responses, potentially contributing to colony losses. Fungal extracts have recently gained interest as so…

Abstract The microsporidium Vairimorpha (Nosema) ceranae is an emerging threat to honey bees (Apis mellifera), known to disrupt gut microbiota and suppress immune responses, potentially contributing… [+75798 chars]